ความคิดเห็นที่ 3
The Imaginary Audience
Elkind goes on to suggest that one consequence of this egocentrism is that, in actual or impending social situations, the young person anticipates the reactions of other people to himself or herself. However, as these anticipations are based on the premise that others are as admiring or as critical of the young person as they are themselves, the adolescent is continually constructing, or reacting to, an imaginary audience: "It is an audience because the young person believes that he or she will be the focus of attention; and it is imaginary because, in actual social situations, this is not usually the case (unless he or she contrives to make it so)" (Elkind, 1967, p. 1031). The crux of Elkind's (1985) argument about the imaginary audience is that it is imaginary, not real. Where the young adolescent has difficulty is in recognizing the subjectivity of his or her own mental constructions. The imaginary audience is seen as a mental construction and not a social reality.
According to Elkind, when formal operations become rarely established (lay the age of 15 or 16), the egocentrism of early adolescence tends to diminish. He suggests that the imaginary audience, which is primarily an anticipatory audience, is progressively modified in the direction of the reactions of the real audience. Thus the imaginary audience can be regarded as a hypothesis or as a series of hypotheses which young people test against reality. Furthermore, as a result of this testing, they gradually come to recognize the difference between their own preoccupations and the interests and concerns of others. Put differently, Elkind suggests that adolescent egocentrism is overcome, on the cognitive plane, by the gradual differentiation between personal thoughts and the thoughts of others. On the plane of affectivity, it is overcome by a gradual integration of the feelings of others with adolescents' own emotions (Elkind, 1967).
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