ความคิดเห็นที่ 19
I found a textbook on public policy: "นโยบายสาธารณะ: แนวความคิด การวิเคราะห์ และกระบวนการ" by "สมบัติ ธำรงธัญวงศ์."
He points out the key distiction between the two theories, Rational model and Rational-choice theory.
Rational-choice theory applied to political behaviours has assumptions that all actors would act for the best interests of themselves. While, Rational model, a model for analyzing policy processes, is committed to the best interest of the collective whole of a society. Rationality means, he asserts, the decissions that make policy outcomes to congruent with aims and objectives that maximize the social benefits.
However, what can be regarded as "the best" social benefits is a critical question which depend on how an analyst judges the outcome of the issue. Then, he refers to some established criteria that can be used to evaluate what is rational. A criterion is: policymakers "must" understand what publlic value the most and weigh all the values in order to constract a set of priority. Hence, an analyst "must" determine 'value', 'aim/ objective' (of society), and would has clear criteria for the desire public policy outcomes.
In addition, he gives some examples about the characteristics of what is the best/highest public interest. It is the situation that benefit exceeds cost the most. A rational decision includes one or more of the following: determination of the level of risk, high or low; logical arguments of knowledge, well-informed persons; the highest efficientcy outcome
Attackers of rational model also argue against, in short: complete access to information; emotion of decision-maers; common public cause can be identified; able to weigh monetary cost with abstract interests such as justice and honour; availability of instruments to analyse policy outcomes and to obtain data; etc.
My answer is: what is called rationality is what we can understand by our common sense; I means a sense understood by ordinary/average persons with common knowledge about 'expected' political decisions. Furthermore, the rational outcome must makes the collective whole gains the greatest benefit. Then, Rationality in my understanding means the rationality of the society as a whole.
"Do you think that it is rational that everyone does best for the public?" Using the point you make. A person must be account to the society. A politician must be accountable for any of his decisions, otherwise he will face impeacement for example. A common citizen must be accountable for and respect the norm of the society in which he live (it is a political theory).
Applying Fuctional theory form sociology discipline (although I am not certain about this theory's statements, assumptions, or application), every established instituions always have their own expected roles to perform. This is why they have been established in the first place. A policymakers, for example, are expected to behave in the way they are decided in the first place, that is, to govern. To govern, how? To govern with consideration to the best interest of the society, I reckon; which bases on my logic alone.
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Greeting.
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