 |
อันนี้ส่วนที่สอง
Impacts
1. The Theme of Thai drama
Luang Wichits play moves away from court tradition, which focuses on spiritual and elite-prone purposes, to the theme of commoners, heroes, heroines, or righteous kings who put the benefit of the nation first. The plot of his plays underlines the importance of nationalism and Thai history. However, it is useful to first discuss nationalist theories which shaped his standpoint. Traditional nationalist theories are pertinent to (1) instrumentalism, which suggests that an elite state can manipulate nationalist movement for their purpose, and (2) primordialism, which argues that an idea that nationalism is a nature-induced behavior. In other words, it is substantially controlled by nature. However, the two notions are no longer useful to an analysis of nationalist phenomenon around the world. Thus, Anthony D. Smith tries to bridge the gap between two traditional matrixes by proposing that the notion of ethno-symbolism can better shed some light on the issue. The Ethno-symbolism approach views that a nation is influenced by a combination of myths, historical memories, values and symbols. Ethno-symbolism further argues that the French word ethnies, or ethnic communities, is the core to a deeper understanding nationalism since ethnies existed before the birth of a nation and, more importantly, there is a need to divert attention from the emphasis on an elite study, like modernism, to an analysis that focuses both on the elite and the subordinate group, or members of the public, in order to investigate the reciprocal interaction of these two parties because the latter party also set their own nationalist goals. In addition, ethno-symbolism insists that the formation of a modern nation has nothing to do with the construction of a brand new nation. Rather, it is concerned with the notion of a marriage of continuity, recurrence and reinterpretation of pre-existing cultural motifs. Firstly, continuity deals with collective names, languages and ethnic landscape. Secondly, recurrence of ethnies is a phenomenon in which a sort of cultural identity and human association reappear in all area and time, and it is likely that the form will linger to the future, although a nation is not continuous since it may die during a snapshot of time. Last but not least, reinterpretation constitutes an action in which intellectuals and leaders of one particular ethnie restore their selected historical memories and beautify them with golden ages to accomplish a political goal and mobilise their people.
For Thailands nationalist policy, the focus will be on the reinterpretation which can be achieved through a study of the role of the intellectuals and the intelligentsia. Within this scope, myth and symbol are crucial to creating nationalism and the creator of a nationalist idea such as myth and symbol is the intellectuals. Conversi defines the intellectuals as those who create and analyse a concept. Meanwhile, the intelligentsia, or the professionals, act as a messenger of the first group. However, there can be an overlapping status such as the example of Luang Wichit. In one respect, his category could be the first group since Luang Wichit was a member of the Prime Minister Phibun administration who worked to instill nationalism through culture to gain political superiority against the monarchy. In addition, one of the attributes of the first group is to popularise a national project by using Thai history. Still, on the other hand, he also disseminated nationalist ideology by himself via almost 20 historical plays, let alone nationalist songs, so that Prime Minister Phibun obtained political justification. In other words, Luang Wichit is not a historian in a general sense, but maybe a nationalist historian. Accordingly, he could also be treated as a propagandist, or the latter group.
On a broader level, the intelligentsia could be deemed as a fiction writer because his objective in writing history is highly politically motivated and accuracy is not of importance to them at all. However, Converse (1995:74) argues that such a practice is not worthless because, according to a psychological view, any memory is carefully selected to serve the power of the ruling leader. In other words, if we want to better understand the role and action of a particular government, one of the possible ways is to analyze their historical books. Writing by a military dictatorship is still worth a cultural analysis.
| จากคุณ |
:
จขกท.ผสศ.
|
| เขียนเมื่อ |
:
4 ก.ย. 55 20:44:10
A:137.205.131.71 X: TicketID:334207
|
|
|
|
|
ทำไมอาจารย์ยังบอกว่าวิทยานิพนธ์เราเป็น descriptive มากกว่า analysis อยู่อีก เฮ้อออ
