ความคิดเห็นที่ 10
The whole world in his hands
The peerless activist-artist Daniel Barenboim is back - and at the peak of his musical powers
Anthony Holden The Observer
Daniel Barenboim/Beethoven Sonata Cycle Royal Festival Hall, London SE1, until 17 February
Last night, in London's Royal Festival Hall, he led the first of three debates in the Southbank Centre's new series, 'The Artist as Leader', exploring the quasi-political power of the arts to help solve global problems. Today, he will take part in another, after giving the second of eight recitals comprising a complete cycle of Beethoven's sonatas, the so-called 'New Testament' of the solo piano repertoire. There is no artist alive capable of performing both roles as authoritatively, originally and effectively as pianist-conductor Daniel Barenboim.
This is no mere chart-topper offering idle political endorsements or droning on about climate change. This is a performer who uses his eminence as a musician to give politicians master-classes in how society can and should work. One Barenboim travels the world working towards resolution of conflict between countries he loves; the other is treating London to a series of concerts amounting to an awe-inspiring musical meditation from a supreme player at the height of his powers. Le tout Londres, including many distinguished fellow musicians, was on parade for Monday's thrilling first recital, which ended with a standing ovation. As it unfolds over the next fortnight, this historic cycle is clearly going to be one of the major musical events of the year, offering a rare glimpse of an activist artist baring his musical soul.
An Argentinian-born, Berlin-based Israeli who has recently taken honorary Palestinian citizenship, Barenboim gives concerts far more conducive to Middle East peace than any American President beating Arab and Israeli heads together. In 2001, he became the first musician to perform Wagner in Israel, dispelling a half-century taboo emblematic of what he called 'the diaspora mentality'. With his late friend Edward Said, the Palestinian-American writer, he had just founded the East-Western Divan, an orchestra of young Arab and Israeli musicians performing side by side, sharing desks, alternating leadership. Under Barenboim's baton (and heavily armed guard), the orchestra has since performed on the West Bank, in Ramallah.
An orchestra, he argues, is the perfect forum to illustrate that self-expression is best achieved by listening to others. 'There is no way Israel will deal with the Palestinians,' he has said, 'if the Palestinians do not understand the suffering of the Jewish people. Now, 50 years on, we have to accept co-responsibility for Palestinian suffering. Until an Israeli leader is able to utter those words, there will be no peace.'
Barenboim puts his money where his mouth is. His foundation has established a conservatoire for Palestinians living in Israel and finances music teachers to work in the occupied territories. He has donated large financial prizes to musical research on both sides of disputed borders. 'Either we all kill each other,' he told the audience after the Ramallah concert, 'or we share what there is to share.' The West-Eastern Divan has been called 'an orchestra for peace'; he prefers to call it 'an orchestra against ignorance'.
Barenboim's world view has been forged through an eventful life of achievement and pain. Now 65, he gave his first concert in Buenos Aires as a seven-year-old; after moving to Israel with his family when he was 10, he played his first Beethoven cycle there at 17. Celebrated conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler dubbed the teenager a 'phenomenon' and invited him to play with his Berlin Philharmonic, but Barenboim's musician father (and teacher) intervened, saying it was too soon after the Holocaust for a Jew to perform in Germany.
In 1967, beside the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem, Barenboim married the luminous young cellist Jacqueline du Pré, 15 years before her career was cruelly cut short by the multiple sclerosis that would lead to her premature death. In his 30s, having established himself as one of the foremost pianists of the day, Barenboim developed a parallel career as a conductor, eventually leading cycles of Wagner's Ring at Bayreuth amid appointments from Chicago to Milan. For two decades now, he has lived in Berlin, where he is chief conductor for life of the State Opera.
All this living now inevitably informs his music-making. A lifelong champion of contemporary work, Barenboim has also performed and recorded all the core piano repertoire, but finds himself constantly drawn back to the profound humanity of Beethoven. And he seems to be pouring his whole, hard-thinking self into this latest cycle, his third in London; in 1967, he opened the Queen Elizabeth Hall with all 32 sonatas, which he played again at the Festival Hall 10 years later.
Thirty years on, he brings to them a seasoned authority, making a few rough edges an imperceptible price to pay for the fearless attack of his reading, the visionary sweep of his sense of the music's architecture, his profound fellow-feeling with another dedicated humanitarian.
The cycle began with Beethoven's first sonata, and will end with his last, but Barenboim has otherwise grouped the 32 thematically rather than chronologically. 'There is hardly another output from any composer,' he has said, 'that gives such a clear picture of his development.' So he has designed each concert to contain a late sonata alongside early and mid-period ones. The benefit was clear in the opening recital, which contrasted the raw, youthful spirit of the first sonata with the calmer, more meditative No 18. But the red meat came with No 29 in B flat, the Hammerklavier, to which he brought an operatic richness, especially fine in the expressive lyricism of the adagio, a stark contrast to the thundering grandeur of the opening movement and the infectious energy of the intricate finale. The cumulative effect was to leave the audience elated but shattered as the music, and its performer, seemed reborn.
After the concert, Barenboim was presented with the Royal Philharmonic Society's gold medal as 'a passionate advocate that music plays a vital role in a healthy society'. He has received numerous other international awards, for his political courage as much as his consummate musicianship.
Daniel Barenboim is not merely one of the greatest all-round musicians alive - he is one of the few great men of our time. Soon, by rights, he should be named a worthy winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. In the meantime, his magisterial Beethoven is not to be missed.
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