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พยายามแปะข้อความเต็มที่เขาอธิบายไว้ว่า double possessives มันใช้ยังไง แต่โดนลบไป 2 ทีแล้ว ไม่รู้มีคำต้องห้ามอะไร
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Double Possessives
Episode 128: August 22, 2008
General Grammar
Grammar Girl here.
Todays lesson involves a question of Cathysor should that be a question of Cathy? By the end of this podcast, youll know which possessive to use.
Now, Cathy has been wondering about the so-called double possessive and asks, Which is correctI am a friend of Fred or I am a friend of Freds? She points out that it would sound normal to say, Hes a friend of mine, and "mine" is the possessive.
Guest-writer Bonnie Trenga answers.
Cathy's right, though you usually use only one possessive at a time. Many purists believe that double possessives should be relegated to informal and semiformal writing, if at all. Nevertheless, double possessives have appeared in good writing for centuries, and most people will find themselves using them on occasion (1).
How to Create Possessives
You use possessives to indicate who owns what. If Squiggly owns a car, you say, This is Squiggly's car. You use an apostrophe plus an "s" on the end of Squiggly. You can also form a possessive by using the word of, such as The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. (Of course, you could also say, the United Kingdoms Crown Jewels.) These examples are just normal possessives. Theres nothing double about them. The confusion arises when you use both ways of making possessives at the same time, as in a friend of Freds. Here you have an apostrophe plus an "s" plus an of. Although such a double possessive is allowed, I personally prefer Freds friend over a friend of Freds. Why not just say, "He's Fred's friend"?
Incorrect Possessives
Nevertheless, to help us learn whats right, lets look at some possessives and double possessives that native speakers wouldn't use. It definitely sounds odd to say, a car of Squiggly. On the other hand, you could say, a car of Squiggly's, assuming he has lots of cars and youre pointing out one of them. However, a car of Squiggly's doesnt sound as natural to me as one of Squiggly's cars.
On the other hand, its perfectly normal to say, the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom or the United Kingdoms Crown Jewels, but it turns out that its ungrammatical to say, the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdoms. Heres a clear-cut rule that helps explain this: When youre talking about inanimate objectsobjects that arent alive, such as the United Kingdomyou cant use a double possessive (2). According to The New Fowler's Modern English Usage, for a double possessive to be legal, the object of the preposition of has to be definite and human. In other words, its fine to say, a friend of my uncles but not a friend of the museums. You have to say, a friend of the museum. However, according to this rule, it would be OK to say, He's a friend of a friends, but weve all heard the common expression a friend of a friend. I guess double possessives dont always work. That should make some sticklers happy.
Avoiding Double Possessives
We could clear this all up by stating that we should just always avoid double possessives. Perhaps that would make life easier. Instead of a friend of my uncles or a car of Squiggly's, maybe we should always say, my uncles friend or Squigglys car. For the most part, you cant go wrong if you follow this advice. You should probably avoid the double possessive anyway if youre using formal English.
Useful Double Possessives
There are, however, some cases when a double possessive is very useful to help clarify your meaning.
For example, if you attempt to avoid the double possessive and say something like "This is Marie's portrait," you end up with an ambiguous sentence that could mean you are looking at a portrait of Marie or a portrait that is owned by Marie. You can fix the problem by substituting one of two sentences depending on what you mean. If you mean Marie owns the portrait, then the double possessive makes it clear: "This is a portrait of Marie's." On the other hand, if it is a lovely rendering of Marie, "This is a portrait of Marie" will serve you well.
Another time when you might need to use a double possessive is if you want to use a possessive pronoun, such as theirs, hers, or "mine," as Cathy noted in her initial question. In fact, its impossible to avoid using a double possessive in cases such as She is a relative of his. If you dont like double possessives, you could reword such sentences by saying, She is his relative, She is one of his relatives, or, simply, They are related.
Double possessives might also be necessary if youre using a that, those, this, or these in your possessive (3). For example, the hat of Aardvarks sounds a bit odd to me, whereas that hat of Aardvarks sounds a lot more natural.
In Summary
That question of Cathys was pretty tricky. Or, rather, I might prefer to say, Cathys question was pretty tricky. The double possessive does have legitimate uses, but you might want to avoid the redundant possessive in formal writing and perhaps use only one possessive at a time if it sounds natural.
แหล่งที่มา
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/double-possessive.aspx
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