 |
Pantip-Cafe | Pantip-TechExchange | PantipMarket.com | Chat | PanTown.com | BlogGang.com |
 |
|
English Literature การอ่านวรรณคดีภาษาอังกฤษ
- Elizabethan Era
- Elizabethan Era was notable for theathre's play. Many plays and pieces of poetry were introduced including the famous poet and play writer, William Shakespeare's 'Hamlet', 'Othello', and 'King Lear' plays. 'Tamburlaine' was Christopher Marlowe's play in the Elizabethan Era as well.
- Edmund Spenser was also some of the well-known authors of the early Elizabeth Era. His work is 'The Shepheardes Calender' consisting of twelve ecologue
- 18th Century
- 18th Century's literature was more opened in a sense. one of the early Augustan's author, Jonathan Swift wrote an attack on regilions in his 'An Argument to prove that the Abolishing of Christianity in England, may as Things now stand, be attended with some Inconveniences.' He also wrote the famous 'Gulliver's Travels'
- In the mid 18th century, novels had advanced greatly. Laurence Sterne's 'Tristram Shandy' is known to be one of the most original novel in the century.
- In this mid 18th century, where it is considered the 'Enlighten Age' since significant works and research literature were introduced. 'The Wealth of Nations' by David Hume was still learnt in modern day Economics.
- It was since this time that romantic literature were increasingly known
- The Modern Literature
- The modern literature was highly influenced by the conservationist view of the Victorian's literature. The literature was for example Thomas Hardy's novel 'Far from Madding Crowd'
- Dystopian literature such as 'The Heart of Darkness' by Joseph Conrad was introduced. Jame Joyce's work, 'Dubliners' was also well known of this period.
- During the world wars, Virginia Woolf is known to be a female author at that time.
- George Orwell, a famous write known of his view on totalitarianism, colonialism and poverty of human kind which were written after World War II
- In the modern literature era, that fantasy novels were famous among children and young adult. C.S. Lewis's 'The Chronicles of Narnia' and J.R.R. Tolkien's 'The Lord of the Rings' were made into movies. Roald Dahl was also considered as child fiction writer.
- Knowing the author of the literature is very important. Since the author's background affected his or her style of writing and also hinted about the story theme and incidence.
- As mentioned in the English literature section, George Orwell was well-known of his story under dystopian society; for example 1984. His style usually is a journalist type and being sharp. He usually deal about totalitarianism (Animal Farm), colonialism in (Burmese Days) under social injustice settings. Readers who know his experience of going into Burma as police and experience warfare in Spanish Civil War and the World War II as well as his experience of women and his marriage lives would understand more of his style and views.
- Jane Austen was a great novelist of the Romantic Period dealing with love affair of men and women. Her style is insight, grace, and sometimes ironic writing about the delineated human relationship.
- Story revolved around the characters. Characters could be people, animals, or even things.
- Protagonist vs. Antagonist
- Protagonist is the main character of the story. The protagonist could be both a hero, a villain, or a ordinary man and woman.
- Antagonist is the oppositing character which put the protagonist under the conflite. Antagonist, the opposing force, could be another individual, the protagonist his or herself, the society, the nation, or the whole world that the protagonist go against.
-
- Round vs. Flat Character
- Round Characters are those whose characteristics and backgrounds were fully delineated by the author
- Flat Characters are those minor charactors that lack of importance in the story. They hardly portray any distince characteristics.
-
- Dynamic vs. Static Character
- Dynamic Character are those that change along the story. However, in the end, it's not necessary become a hero or changing positively. The charactor could change negatively as well.
- Static Character are those that do not change along the story. It is not like they once went to this restaurant but now they changed! They did not change in attitudes and characteristics.
-
- Settings are the time and place where the story taking places in. The settings could be utopia, the dreamt society;dystopia, the society opposite to utopia; or even a future time alienated world. However, sometimes the author can not staightforward state the settings. Considering this excerpt: 'The sound of metal dragged along the cemented wall was heard even through the old disrepair walls. The man gazed blankly forward. He saw nothing but the yellowish neglected wall with some dashes probably made from the pebble lying dead on the floor. He smelled nothing but the stinky urine. He looked down at his ankle. There lied the object that stabbed him more painfully than a sharp knives; the rusted chain around his ankle with spherical metal object at the end. He knew that his future was nowhere.' Even if the author did not state it directly, we could know that the incidence was in a prison.
- Plots described what happened in the story. The plot could be divided into:
- The rising action: where the problem was explained and the story developed to the climax. The rising action give the suspense feeling to the readers where they yearn to reach the climax of the story
- The climax or the turning point: point where it is the most important to the story. The climax is not necessary be exciting or exotic fight scene and such. It could be simply change in attitude of the protagonist. The change made could be both external or internal
- The falling action: the story is reading to an end. The conflict was resolved, but sometimes not. The falling action leads to the ending of the story. It could be as short as a paragraph or a chapter (or two) long.
- Denoument: denoument is the conclusion of the story; whether it changed positively or negatively.
- Exposition: exposition is the background knowledge and understanding the author added into the story; most likely only what the readers know. Exposition can be at the very first, along the story, or at the very end.
-
- Linear vs. Non-linear Literature
- Linear Literature is the literature that outlined the content according to the plot for example rising action to climax to falling action to conclusion. It is the common literature we came across.
- Non-linear Literature doesn't put things in order. The climax may jump right in the first page. The conclusion may also be at the very first then followed by the flashback of the protagonist.
-
- Theme is the idea that recurr in or prevades in the story. Theme is rarely a single word the describe the story for example love in 'Romeo and Juliet' by Shakespeare. It would more as the society and family's forcefulness on love of young adults in the past times; violence incurred since mad love of young adult and so on.
- It can be simply explain as main idea came from the plots and charctors of the story while theme is rather more of the lessons and concepts learned from the story. Theme could be common in other literature.
- Motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in the story. Through the repition, the motif could help shape the theme and mood of the story. Take an example of 'Pride and Prejudice' by Jane Austen, the motifs of the story is courtship between Darcy and Elizabeth and between Bingley and Jane; journeys, by the visit of different charactors elsewhere since it is not common of women of that times to travel out of the indoor space.
- Theme vs. Motif: Motif and theme are different. It could be simply explained as theme is more of an abstract concept while motif is more concrete.
- Moral is the message conveyed learned from the story or event. Usually literature have morals to be learned and moral is usually a part of the theme as well. A simple example of moral from the classics cartoon 'Winnie the Pooh' is to love your friends and trust in the friendship.
- Style in literature does not mean the dressing or the hair style of the charactors. Style is the manner in which the author tell the story.
- Stylistic Devices are the use of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea or an overall feeling of the literature.
- Stylistics can be devided as:
- Figurative language or also known as the figure of speech. Figure of speech is the use of word that diverge itself from its meaning and usual use.
- Sound Technique is the technique to produce the feeling of sound. It is mostly presented in poetry and poems through rhyme, repetition and alliteration for example.
- Structure is how the story is arranged. It include the formal structure, the story and plot, the allusion and foreshadowing.
- Irony is the sharp incongruity or discordance that goes beyond the simple and evident intention of words or actions
- Register includes diction, syntax, voice and tone of the literature
-
- Diction comes from the latin word 'dictio' which means a saying and expression and word. The diction is the original and primary meaning refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary.
- Connotation vs. Denotation
- Connotation is the commonly understood subjective or emotional association to the word. For example, a rose literally mean a type of flower but in some content it means 'love' or even 'lust'
- Denotation is the literally meaning of the word.
- Euphonious word vs. coconnious word
- Euphonious word is the word that inherent pleasantness and beauty for example 'democracy' and 'freedom' will be a euphonious word.
- Coconnious word is word that convey unpleasantness for example 'death' and 'jail'
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||
| ข้อความหรือรูปภาพที่ปรากฏในกระทู้ที่ท่านเห็นอยู่นี้ เกิดจากการตั้งกระทู้และถูกส่งขึ้นกระดานข่าวโดยอัตโนมัติจากบุคคลทั่วไป ซึ่ง PANTIP.COM มิได้มีส่วนร่วมรู้เห็น ตรวจสอบ หรือพิสูจน์ข้อเท็จจริงใดๆ ทั้งสิ้น หากท่านพบเห็นข้อความ หรือรูปภาพในกระทู้ที่ไม่เหมาะสม กรุณาแจ้งทีมงานทราบ เพื่อดำเนินการต่อไป |