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หัวข้อครับ
The Problems of English Class Management among the Practice Teachers
And Strategies of the Solution

Abstract:
Under the background of the reformation of the new curriculum, the mode of teaching and learning has changed a lot. The characteristics of the middle school English teaching and the instability of students’ psychology play vital roles of the effective class management strategies. The practice teachers lack of teaching experience and some teachers have their own problems and weakness. Thus they found several problems of the class management during their teaching. The data were collected from 50 junior students in Yunnan Normal University who used to be practice teachers by a questionnaire. This thesis will analyze the problems among them according to the findings and then provide some strategies of the solution.

I. Introduction:
English is the most widely used language in various fields of our society. Due to the informationization of human life and the globalization of the economy, it is significant for us to master this language. It is an important tool to learn the culture and knowledge, to acquire the latest information and enhance the international communication. After China became a member of the WTO, English education has been an indispensable part in the all-around development of citizens. Learning English well to middle school students and teaching English well to the teachers are quite essential. Class management can not only maintain the discipline, but also stimulate students’ enthusiasm for learning, and give a big push to carry on the teaching smoothly. The abilities of teachers’ class management will influence the effect of students’ learning. Thus teachers must innovate in order to solve the problems of class management and improve their teaching.

II. The meaning of the effective English class management
Class management means under the special class environment, teachers play a leading role during the teaching. It is a system that teachers use the teaching contents to maintain the management of students’ activities. The essence of teaching is that it is a process of activities that teachers are the organizer of learning with planned purposes and students are the learner of effective learning. Class management is the course to establish an effective class environment, to keep the interaction between teachers and students, and to promote the development of the class. English class management is an important part of the English teaching method and it occupies an essential place in practical teaching. It is in each link throughout the English teaching and it helps to improve the teaching smoothly. English class management is an integrated content, which include both the teachers’ and the students’ activities. Thus, during the class, teachers should organize and lead the students and manage the discipline to establish the harmonious teaching environment. And help students to reach the teaching goals, improve their listening, speaking, reading and writing of English.

III. The Problems of English Class Management among the Practice Teachers
1. The problems exist in the English subject
Nowadays, the English teaching materials are all arranged with chapters. The purpose of this is to improve students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities and the ability of the language application. However, this scatters the key points of the English teaching. During the teaching, teachers can not teach like the teachers of science subjects. Because it is difficult for them to explain the formulations first and then do some practice with the knowledge they had taught the students to consolidate students’ learning. Hence, this demands the students to concentrate on carefully throughout the whole class. Among the 50 practice teachers, all of them mentioned that because the middle school students are in the age of active, it is quite hard for them to pay high attention all the time during the forty-minute class. It is a big challenge for the English teachers.

2. The problems exit in the practice teachers themselves
Because it was the first time for them to teach the students, so the practice teachers have some own problems. They emphasized that because they themselves are still the students. They didn’t have too many experience of teaching. They didn’t know how to manage the class effectively. Ten of them said that they pretend themselves to look solemn during the class. They said their real purpose was to keep the class in order and to control the class. But actually, it did not work. It made the students too afraid to interact with them. If the teacher asked a question, few students dared to answer because they were afraid to be punished.

Twenty-four practice teachers said that they were too close with the students after the class. They only wanted to narrow the gap with them. However, this led to the disorder in the class. The students felt too relaxed during the class so that they did not focus their minds on the lessons. Sometimes, they talked, played with desk mates, or even walked around in the classroom. This hampered the teachers from achieving the teaching goals smoothly.
Forty-three practice teachers held that it was their own shortcomings that made them feel difficult in teaching. They thought they had learned enough in the university and they were qualified to teach the middle school students. But after they stood in front of the platform, they found a lot of problems. For example, thirty-one of them said that they couldn’t remember the key point of the knowledge clearly. Nine of them said that they had practiced teaching enough in the university so that they didn’t have confidence to give the class to students. And the other three said that they didn’t like the class which they taught. They regretted that if they worked more hard in the university, it would be much easier for them to teach students.

3. The problems exist in the middle school students
Because the middle school students are in their adolescence, it’s really difficult to give the class to them. Thirty-six practice teachers said that their students wanted to be independent, so students were not willing to do as they ask them to do. The students just behaved in their own way. And sometimes they would do something against the teacher.
Eleven of them said that the gender also affected their teaching. Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science subjects. They like learning the abstract logic. But for girls, they are more sensitive to the language and literature. Thus, in the English class, girls have more advantages than the boys and they are more likely to participate in the activities.
Seventeen of them said that there were no clear rules of the class, so the class was often in disorder. The students were not well-disciplined. The teachers had to carry out their teaching plan and they didn’t have too much energy to the class management.
All of the practice teachers taught in the rural areas. So the students were not good at studying. Their foundation was bad. They were not interested in studying and the local people didn’t pay much attention to the education. The students studied just for spending the time. Hence, it was really difficult for them to cooperate with the teachers during the class.

IV. The strategies of effective English class management in the middle school
1. To stimulate students’ learning interests by building up the teaching situation
To master a language, the only way is to let the students place themselves in the actual situation. Thus, teachers must to build up the suitable teaching situation to stimulate students’ learning interests, and make the students to apperceive the specific language by themselves. In the practical teaching, English teachers should try their best to build up this situation which is beneficial for learning. For instance, teachers can apply the advanced technology of multi-media to carry out their teaching. Teachers can explain the key points and difficult points by sounds, words and videos visually by means of the multi-media. This will largely improve students’ interest in learning English. It is also helpful for students to play a role in English learning in such actual situation, and the atmosphere of the class will be active. By taking part in the situation and understand the situation, students will solve their puzzles of learning the foreign language. In addition, it can inspire the student the potential and the desire of learning and help them go into the best learning state in the limited time. In English teaching, we do not have the stereotype of the methods of building up the teaching situation. The methods are various and they need us to grope and summarize during the practical teaching. At present, it is quite popular for teachers to apply some songs, questions, and videos in their class. These can make the boring, abstract and rigid class more vivid and acceptable and let the students accept the language in the dynamic teaching.

2. To improve teachers’ own qualities and behaviors
The teacher is the trainer of students’ mentality. They have the responsibilities to alter the complicated knowledge into the more acceptable and easy form for the students, so that to help students become the well-formed people. Thus, it is significant for teachers to improve their own qualities and behaviors. Teachers can improve themselves in the following four aspects: first, practice teachers should hew to the professional ethics; love the students, respect and trust students. They should treat all the students equally; never hold bias in grading or marking them. According to the different students, teachers should use the different and suitable teaching methods. They should be self-respect and discipline themselves strictly, and build up the good example for their students. Second, their teaching manners should be composed, experienced, friendly and natural. To be composed means that teachers should be dignified during the teaching and never to the unnecessary actions. To be experienced means teachers should attract students’ interests by explaining the knowledge in a skilled and suitable way, and help students to concentrate themselves during the class. To be friendly means that teachers should teach the students with kindness and move them with affection. To be natural means teachers should educate students step by step. Third, practice teachers should use pleasant, exact, coherent and sometimes even humorous language. As language teachers, they should have the beautiful English accent. Never speak too fast or too slow. And they should pronounce each word clearly, without ambiguity. It is better if the teacher can use the humor during their teaching, because it can active the atmosphere of the class and improve the aesthetic effect of class management. Fourth, practice teachers should fully develop their teaching skills. They should have wide scales of knowledge, proficiency in the language and other cultural literacy, such as the education, psychics and so on. They should have the ability to apply diverse means to their teaching so that they can teach the knowledge more vivid. They can choose the different teaching methods according to the different situations and students flexibly and combine the teaching with the class management perfectly.

3. To create the democratic atmosphere in the class
During the teaching, it is important to embody the leading place of the students. Practice teachers should help the students to be more active and initiative and stimulate their learning interests. Practice teachers should pay attention to the students’ emotions, create the relaxing, democratic and harmonious teaching atmosphere. Only under this atmosphere can the student have the interest in English culture. Thus, they will have the motivation of learning English well. English learning in the middle school is the foundational period in the whole language learning process. It plays a vital role in the future English learning for the students. So the teaching plan should be suitable for the all-around development of the students. The relaxing, democratic and harmonious atmosphere can provide the students with a good learning environment and then inspire their cooperate spirit and to achieve the teaching goals effectively. All of these require the teachers to respect every student and communicate with them equally, and to become a professional organizer, guide and promoter of their learning.

4. The encouragement in English class management
The practice teachers can use some encouragements in the class to improve the effect of English class management. It can maintain and stimulate the good behavior of students. During their teaching, they can give students some affirmations and praises because of their excellent performance. These will let the students be satisfied and encourage them to get further improvement. Teachers can give the student both material or immaterial praises. For material praises, teachers can give students some gifts, for examples, pens, and notebooks and so on. For immaterial praises, teachers can pay much attention to the well-performed students, or let the other students to show their care to them and admire them.

5. To use the vague management in English class management
The application of the vague theory in the English teaching can promote the teachers’ and students’ creation, cultivate students’ the consciousness of innovation and enhance students’ psychological qualities.

① The vague goals in English class management
The vague goals include the perspective goal and behavior goal in the class. The former one refers to the instructive and vague descriptions of the whole class and the individual students. It contains the English knowledge, English skills and learning strategies and so on. These vague descriptions have the directive effect and motivate the students’ interest in learning. The later can help build up the cooperation between teachers and students and among the students. Thus teachers should hold the suitable expectation to the students according to the different goals.

②The vague environments in English class management
The environments of English class include the space-time environment, organizational environment, emotional environment and social-psychological environment. These environments required to be healthy, safety and accord with students’ psychological characteristics and activity rules. The social-psychological environment is affected by the teachers’ proficiency, teaching methods, teaching styles and some other factors. English teacher should be good at inspiring the positive attitudes of the students, carrying out the effective interaction and cultivating the consciousness of cooperation among the students.

③The vague interaction between the teachers and students
Their interaction during the class can promote to achieve the teaching goal. It is the origin of the effective class management. This interaction can decrease the uncertainties in the teaching process. The judgment of how to describe the goal of interaction and the degree of how to achieve it are vague. The methods of the interaction are base on the teachers’ and students’ learning level and emotional attitudes.

6. To judge the students according to the different levels
Practice teachers should hold the different criteria of judgment according to the different students in the class. Teachers should mainly praise and encourage the student, especially to the students who have some difficulties in learning. This will help the students to build up their confidence and cultivate their learning habits. And thus, this will help to formulate the motivation of their further learning.

7. To improve the discipline in the class
The combination of establishing and executing the rules can give a big push to maintain the discipline in the class. Every class needs several rules to keep the order. But too many rules also do not work. Practice teachers should establish some clear and effective rules to control the class. And these rules should be put into practice as they are established. Although teachers will ask all of the students to obey the rules, sometimes the flexibilities are also acceptable. Or it will lead to other problems of the discipline. As we all known, it is important for teachers to be serious during the class, but if they can give the class also with smile, it will be more helpful for them to manage the class. This will let the students be willing to cooperate with the class and so to achieve their teaching goals smoothly.

8. To optimize the activities in the class
A successful class can not be without rich activities. So if the practice teachers want to manage the class effectively, it is quite important for them to optimize the activities. First, they should improve the ways of questioning. They should not ask questions only to the same several students or only to the good students. They must give each student the opportunities to practice and check what they have learned. If they ask questions to the whole class very often, it is also hard for them to evaluate their teaching. Second, they should use more visual teaching aids as possible as they can. If they can use some real objects, pictures or video shows, they will inspire the curiosity of the students, so they students are more willingly to participate in the activities. This will also help the students to master more knowledge and cultivate their abilities of independent thinking. Then, it is also necessary for the teachers to give some comments on students’ activities. The sense of collective honor will motivate the students to compete with each other in a proper way. This is the premise of the active class atmosphere. Thus, the students will demand themselves strictly to perfect their performance and improve their learning.

V. Conclusion
Overall, in order to manage the class effectively, practice teachers should not only realize the roles of both the students and themselves, but also have the idea of humanism. After their teaching practice, all of them had found a lot of problems about themselves. These will motivate them to improve themselves during the following studying. And in the future, they should take the advantage of the major function of the students and the leading place of themselves. Meanwhile, they should design the activities which are suitable according to students’ learning levels and stimulate students’ learning interest as much as they can. Interest is the best teacher of learning. If the students are interested in learning English, it will be easier for teachers to carry out the teaching activities. What’s more, it is also significant to improve students’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. As the globalization of the economy, our society is starved for the talents who master English well. This requires the high quality of English teaching. The English class management can improve the effect of English teaching and ensure the achievement of teaching. In my opinion, although the practice teachers do not have too much teaching experience, they can update their teaching ideas. And they can use both the former experience and some new ideas to support their future teaching. With the effective English class management and English teaching, our society can keep advancing.

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