ความคิดเห็นที่ 1 For VOA Special English Tomato's Genetic Secrets Are Peeled Away 11,032 Published on Jul 2, 2012 by VOALearningEnglish This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. Scientists have made a genetic map of the tomato. Tomatoes are second only to potatoes as the world's most valuable vegetable crop. Eight years of work went into making the map, or genome. Three hundred scientists around the world took part in the project to sequence the tomato's DNA code. Giovanni Giuliano, a researcher in Italy, is part of the Tomato Genome Consortium. He says they started as ten countries and now have fourteen. Having the tomato's genetic map will help growers who are always trying to produce a better tomato. Mr. Giuliano says they now know not only what genes are there, but their order. Researchers published the genome of a tomato used by Heinz, the American food company famous for its tomato ketchup. Ketchup is a thick sauce used on hamburgers, hot dogs and other foods. Heinz's research manager, Rich Ozminkowski, says the company knows what it wants in a tomato. "Traits like sugars and, for Heinz, viscosity, or the juice thickness, and the redness of the tomatoes are all very critical traits for us," he says. Those are all controlled by a lot of different genes within the tomato. Mr. Ozminkowski says genome sequencing takes away much of the guesswork for breeders of tomatoes or other crops that have been mapped. In his words, "By having the genome information, we can pick out those tomato plants that have more of those genes." Until the late nineteen sixties, the tomatoes that Heinz used to make ketchup often cracked open on the vine after a heavy rain. Heinz wanted to to develop a variety that would resist that cracking. Breeders used the traditional methods of mating generations of different varieties. The tomatoes they were trying to develop not only had to resist cracking. They also had to resist disease. And they had to be easy to harvest mechanically. Finally the company came up with the tomato it wanted, called the Heinz 1706. Mr. Ozminkowski says the job would have been much easier if there had been a genetic map to follow. There were no genetic tools at the time. But the work today is not just about making better ketchup. Climate change may force many crops to adjust to new conditions. And Mr. Ozminkowski says researchers are already using the new genetic tools to help fight new plant diseases. The researchers published the tomato genome in the journal Nature. For VOA Special English, I'm Carolyn Presutti. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 05Jun2012) แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 10:19:12 แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 10:05:01 แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 09:41:31 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:40:55

ความคิดเห็นที่ 2 For VOA Special English Golden Gate Bridge Still Shines 3,581 Published on Jul 2, 2012 by VOALearningEnglish After 75 Years This is the VOA Special English  Technology Report. This year is the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge in California. It opened to vehicle traffic on May twenty-eighth, nineteen thirty-seven. Since then, more than two billion vehicles have crossed the world-famous bridge linking San Francisco and Marin County. The bridge is named after the Golden Gate Strait. That narrow passage of water connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspension span in the world at the time it was built. The suspended roadway stretches one thousand two hundred eighty meters between the bridge's two tall towers. Today the Golden gate still rates among the ten longest bridge spans. Mary Currie works for the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. She says the bridge represents one of the most extraordinary engineering projects of all time. She calls it an "engineering marvel" and says it gets award after award for what it means in civil engineering and structural engineering. She says the Golden Gate Bridge is also a place where "things happen first." For example, it was the first suspension bridge to have to change the roadway deck. The bridge is twenty-seven meters wide and two thousand seven hundred eighty-eight meters long. Two large cables pass over the top of the bridge's towers. These structures stand two hundred twenty-seven meters above the water and one hundred fifty-two meters above the road. Each cable holds more than twenty-seven thousand five hundred strands of wire. Two hundred fifty pairs of vertical suspender ropes connect the support cables to the suspension bridge. This is part of what enables the bridge to move up and down by nearly five meters. The project took four years to complete. Work began in nineteen thirty-three. The Golden Gate Bridge weighed more than eight hundred thousand metric tons when it was completed. The San Francisco Chronicle newspaper called it a thirty-five million dollar steel harp. Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge project. But architect Irving Morrow gets credit for its bright orange color, known as International Orange. The Navy wanted the bridge painted in yellow and black. The Air Force had suggested red and white. But Mary Currie says Irving Morrow knew that orange would blend with the environment. It would contrast with the ocean and the air above, "and it would also allow the art deco styling to really stand out." For VOA Special English, I'm Carolyn Presutti. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 04Jun2012) แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 10:25:59 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:42:18

ความคิดเห็นที่ 3 Progress in Race to Save Cheetahs 5,460 Published on Jul 3, 2012 by VOALearningEnglish Cheetahs are beautiful and speedy. They can run as fast as 110 kilometers an hour. There once were more than 100,000 cheetahs living in Africa and Asia. Today only about 10,000 of the animals remain. Most are in 24 African countries. Laurie Marker is working to keep cheetahs from disappearing. LAURIE MARKER: "I started working with cheetahs when I lived in Oregon -- and I ran a wildlife park there; this was back in the early '70s, and nobody knew anything about cheetahs and I was fascinated about them, and the more people I asked they said 'when you find out something about cheetahs let us know; they don't do well in captivity, they have a very short life span, and we're losing them throughout the ranges in the world.' So that just made me fascinated and I wanted to know everything there was about them." Dr. Marker traveled to Namibia to learn more about cheetahs. The country has the world's largest wild cheetah population. LAURIE MARKER: "Understanding about how the cheetah lives is really important. So understanding its biology and its behavior, understanding the ecology of it, which really revolves around where it's living and, and how it's living, and that interfaces with humans." In 1990, Dr. Marker created the Cheetah Conservation Fund, a nonprofit group based in Namibia. Farmers often kill cheetahs because they can attack cattle and other farm animals. So Dr. Marker started working with farmers to find ways to help protect their animals from the big cats. In 1994, she began telling farmers about the Anatolian Shepherd. LAURIE MARKER: "This breed has been used for about 5,000 years to protect livestock from predators. And they act as a guardian by avoidance - they bark loudly, they tell the predator that they're there protecting the flock, and the flock will come around the dog and by the dog barking -- the predator doesn't want to get hurt - and they will then avoid those flocks where the dogs are." Over fifteen years, the Fund has donated more than 400 dogs to livestock farmers in Namibia. The farmers have reported up to an 80 percent decrease in farm animal deaths. LAURIE MARKER: "Since our time in Namibia the population of cheetahs there was about 1,000 to 1,500 individuals. Today it's probably 3,500, maybe 4,000 cheetahs. So we've been able to really grow the population. And that's out of a world population of about 10,000." Dr. Marker wants to expand the CCF programs to other countries, where cheetahs once lived. LAURIE MARKER: "If we are not successful we're going to lose this amazing species in a very short period of time." I'm Mario Ritter. แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 10:51:19 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:43:17

ความคิดเห็นที่ 4 Rethinking 'Good' Cholesterol; PSA Test Debate 4,450 Published on Jul 2, 2012 by VOALearningEnglish This is the VOA Special English Health Report. A study has raised questions about a widely held belief involving cholesterol. The belief is that high levels of so-called good cholesterol in the blood can reduce the risk of a heart attack. The medical name for "good" cholesterol is high-density lipoprotein, or HDL. Doctors commonly believe it reduces the risk of heart attack by removing fatty deposits that can block the flow of blood in the arteries of the heart. But Dr. Sekar Kathiresan at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston says the effects of high HDL have never been proven. He says the new study that he and other researchers did suggests that HDL cholesterol does not affect the risk of heart attack. He thinks the study has now broken "the major assumption over the last thirty years, that if you raise HDL cholesterol, the risk for heart disease will be lowered."The researchers say about four percent of people have a genetic variant, a change, that gives them a naturally high level of HDL. The study found that those who were genetically "programmed" to have higher HDL levels were just as likely to suffer heart attacks as those who were not. A second analysis looked at fourteen gene variants that increase good cholesterol. Dr. Kathiresan says people with the most variants had no more protection against heart attacks than anyone else. But he says there is no dispute about low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. LDL, the so-called bad cholesterol, causes a buildup of fatty substances inside arteries and increases the risk of heart attack. The findings appear in the Lancet medical journal. Another widely held medical belief has also come into question recently. For years, men over the age of forty have been told to get a simple blood test to see if they have prostate cancer. Now, experts on a government committee are advising them not to. Dr. Virginia Moyer heads the United States Preventive Services Task Force. She says, "Close to two-thirds of older men have prostate cancer and yet the huge majority of them never have a problem from it in their lifetime." The task force examined two large studies before deciding that treating the cancer found by the PSA test can do more harm than good. Effects of the treatment can include a loss of sexual ability and bladder control, as well as other problems including heart attacks. Some doctors support the findings of the task force, but others disagree. Urologist Deepak Kapoor says in about twenty years of PSA testing, death rates for prostate cancer have dropped by thirty-eight percent. For VOA Special English, I'm Carolyn Presutti. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 06Jun2012) แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 11:00:03 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:44:12

ความคิดเห็นที่ 5 ลงใหม่ใน คห*10 คลิปไม่ขึ้นเสียแล้ว แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 11:12:51 แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 11:10:52 แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 11:02:55 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:49:16

ความคิดเห็นที่ 6 Are People Who Speak More Than One Language Smarter? 45,279 Uploaded by VOALearningEnglish on Apr 13, 2011 I'm Carolyn Presutti with the VOA Special English Health Report. In the early nineteen fifties, researchers found that people scored lower on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language. Research in the nineteen sixties found the opposite. So which is it? Researchers presented their newest studies in February at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The latest evidence shows that being bilingual does not necessarily make people smarter. But researcher Ellen Bialystok says it probably does make you better at certain skills. She says: "Imagine driving down the highway. There are many things that could capture your attention and you really need to be able to monitor all of them. Why would bilingualism make you any better at that?"And the answer, she says, is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention -- a function called the executive control system. She says it is possibly the most important cognitive system we have. It is where all of our decisions about what to attend to, what to ignore and what to process are made.Ms. Bialystok is a psychology professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. She says the best method to measure the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. A person is shown words in different colors. The person has to ignore the word but say the color. The problem is that the words are all names of colors. She explains: "So you would have the word 'blue' written in red, but you have to say 'red.' But blue is just lighting up all these circuits in your brain, and you really want to say 'blue.'  So you need a mechanism to override that so that you can say 'red.' That's the executive control system."Her work shows that bilingual people continually practice this function. They have to, because both languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need to suppress one to be able to speak in the other. This mental exercise might help in other ways, too. Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from its meaning, and more likely to have friends from different cultures. Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Foreign language study has increased in the United States. But linguist Alison Mackey at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. points out that English-speaking countries are still far behind the rest of the world. For VOA Special English I'm Carolyn Presutti. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 09March2011) แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 10:47:08 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:50:26

ความคิดเห็นที่ 7 จบละจ้ะ 1. อันนี้เผื่อใครอยากดูเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับเว็บเค้า อันนี้คือรีวิวแนะนำเว็บวอยซ์ ออฟ อเมริกา, ลิงค์ไปเว็บเค้า, และอื่นๆน่ะจ้ะ ก็ ในเว็บเค้า ก็จะมีสอนภาษาอังกฤษ ข่าว เกี่ยวกับทั้งโลกเลย, ประวัติศาสตร์, แกรมม่าเบื้องต้น รายการวิทยุ, บทความให้อ่าน, ห้องสอนแกรมม่า และอื่นๆน่ะ เรียกว่า ทุกอย่าง  ให้อ่าน ให้ฟัง และฝึกคิดตาม และอื่นๆน่ะ ส่วนใหญ่จะเหมาะกับผู้หัดเริ่มเรียนนะ ก็ลองตามไปเรียนดู http://topicstock.pantip.com/library/topicstock/2012/03/K11863960/K11863960.html *โน๊ต รู้สึกว่าเพจค้าจะปรับเปลี่ยนหน้าตาและเนื้อหาละนะ ถ้าว่างๆเราจะมารีวิวใหม่ แต่เนื้อหาหลักๆก็เหมือนเดิมแหละ เข้าไปดูได้ http://learningenglish.voanews.com/section/activities/2384.html 2. วอยซ์ ออฟ อเมริกาแบบยากขึ้น ดูในกระทู้ที่ 1 จ้า ตั้งแต่ คห*19 ลงไป http://topicstock.pantip.com/library/topicstock/2012/04/K11962956/K11962956.html 3. วอยซ์ ออฟ อเมริกาแบบยาวๆ 30 นาทีจ้ะ  เป็นรายการวิทยุของวีโอเอจ้ะ  (บางทีมันก็ไม่ถึง 30 นาทีนะ ประมาณ 9 - 30 นาทีน่ะ) เป็นสไกป์ทอล์ก สไกป์เข้ามาคุยกันในรายการวิทยุของวีโอเอจ้ะ VOA LearningEnglish on Skype talk 4. อันนี้ถ้าอยากฟังยาวๆๆๆๆ แบบมีคน(นาทีฟ) มาอ่านหนังสือภาษาอังกฤษให้ฟังทั้งเล่ม หลายๆเล่ม เข้าไปอ่านรีวิวก่อน + ลิงค์เข้า ที่นี่ แนะนำเว็บอ่านหนังสือภาษาอังกฤษดีๆให้ฟัง http://www.pantip.com/cafe/library/topic/K12050823/K12050823.html    หมดแล้วจ้ะ ลาไปก่อนอีกสัปดาห์นึงแล้วจ้า สวัสดีจ้า จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:52:38

ความคิดเห็นที่ 8 ขอลงอีกเรื่องนึง เราว่ามันน่าสนใจดี Comparing American and Chinese Parents 38,258 Uploaded by VOALearningEnglish on Mar 22, 2011 I'm Mario Ritter with the VOA Special English Education Report. Some American parents might think their children need better educations to compete with China and other countries. But how much do the parents themselves need to change? A new book called "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother" by Amy Chua has caused a debate about cultural differences in parenting. Ms. Chua is a professor at the Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut, and the mother of two daughters. She was raised in the American Midwest by immigrant Chinese parents. In the Chinese culture, the tiger represents strength and power. In her book, Ms. Chua writes about how she demanded excellence from her daughters. For example, she threatened to burn her daughter's stuffed animals unless she played a piece of music perfectly. She would insult her daughters if they failed to meet her expectations. Ms. Chua says she had a clear list of what her daughters, Sophia and Louisa, were not permitted to do. They could not attend a sleepover, have a play date, watch TV or play computer games, be in a school play or get any grade less than an A. Many people have criticized Amy Chua. Some say her parenting methods were abusive. She even admits that her husband, who is not Chinese, sometimes objected to her parenting style. But she says that was the way her parents raised her and her three sisters. Ms. Chua makes fun of her own extreme style of parenting. She says she eased some of the pressure after her younger daughter rebelled and shouted "I hate my life! I hate you!" Ms. Chua says she decided to retreat when it seemed like there was a risk that she might lose her daughter. But she also says American parents often have low expectations of their children's abilities. She says: "One of the biggest differences I see between Western and Chinese parents is that Chinese parents assume strength rather than fragility." Stacy DeBroff has written four books on parenting. She says the debate over Ms. Chua's book has to do with two questions. What does it mean to be a successful parent, and what does it mean to be a successful child? Ms. DeBroff says Amy Chua's parenting style is not limited to Chinese families. She says it represents a traditional way of parenting among immigrants seeking a better future for their children. But she also sees a risk. When children have no time to be social or to follow their own interests, they might not develop other skills that they need to succeed in life. Stacey DeBroff advises parents to develop their own style of parenting and not just repeat the way they were raised. And that's the VOA Special English Education Report. What are your thoughts about parenting styles and cultural differences? For VOA Special English, I'm Mario Ritter. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 17Feb2011) แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 10:38:23 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 09:57:46

ความคิดเห็นที่ 9 คลิปไม่ขึ้น คลิปนี้ๆๆ จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 10:31:21

ความคิดเห็นที่ 10 US Considers Approving Drug to Prevent HIV 7,946 Published on Jun 12, 2012 by VOALearningEnglish This is the VOA Special English Health Report. Studies show that a drug called Truvada can prevent HIV infections. The pill is taken once a day. Studies showed it was ninety percent effective when people took it every day. It was only half as effective when people did not take it every day. Currently, in the United States, the drug is only approved for use as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Now a government advisory committee says Truvada should become the first drug approved for use to prevent HIV. The Food and Drug Administration is not required to follow the advice of its Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee, but it usually does. The FDA is expected to decide by June fifteenth.The advisory committee held a twelve-hour hearing on May tenth to consider the evidence for Truvada. The committee urged the FDA to approve the drug for use by those considered at high risk for getting infected. These include gay and bisexual men and heterosexual couples where one partner has HIV. Mitchell Warren, head of the HIV prevention group AVAC, explains that Truvada is a combination pill. It contains two different antiretroviral drugs that had already been approved individually by the FDA. Then about eight years ago they were approved as a combination. But all of those approvals only related to the use of the drug for treating people who are already infected with HIV. The manufacturer of Truvada, Gilead, would have to produce what is known as a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy. This would be a plan to help ensure the safe and effective use of Truvada. The plan would include extensive training for health care providers. It would also include testing to make sure people are not already infected with HIV before they take the pill. Some doctors say Truvada is a step toward ending the threat from AIDS. But some critics say the drug could give people a false sense of security and make them less likely to use condoms. Critics say it could also take financial resources away from more cost-effective methods of prevention, like using condoms. Truvada currently sells for about fourteen thousand dollars a year. The drug would cost much less in developing countries, possibly several hundred dollars a year. But that could still be too high for some countries. For VOA Special English, I'm Alex Villarreal. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 16May2012) แก้ไขเมื่อ 08 ก.ค. 55 11:09:38 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 8 ก.ค. 55 11:03:27

ความคิดเห็นที่ 11 ฝึกฟังรายงานข่าวจาก วอยซ์ ออฟ อเมริกา มีซับไตเติ้ล week 14 จากคุณ : lovelypriest เขียนเมื่อ : 13 ก.ค. 55 10:50:30