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หลังสงครามโลกครั้งที่2 ดินแดนไอนุทางเหนือ เป็นของโซเวียต
เป็นยักษ์ เป็นมาร ในเทศกาลปาถั่ว ของพวกยุ่น เป็นคนชั้นสอง
รัฐสภาญี่ปุ่นลงมติยอมรับชาว "ไอนุ" เป็นชนพื้นเมืองของญี่ปุ่น 2551
ชาวไอนุถูกรัฐบาลญี่ปุ่นแบ่งแยกชนชั้นมานับศตวรรษ
ปัจจุบันชาวไอนุเป็นประชากรที่ยากจนที่สุดในประเทศ
มีชาวไอนุเพียง 17 เปอร์เซ็นต์ที่จบการศึกษาในระดับมหาวิทยาลัย
ในจำนวนนี้มีเพียงครึ่งหนึ่งที่จบจากมหาวิทยาลัยระดับประเทศ
http://www.arunsawat.com/board/index.php?topic=6680.0
ชนกลุ่มน้อยในญี่ปุ่น เป็นเรื่องไม่พูดถึง ราวกับไม่มีอยู่
RIGHTS-JAPAN: Ainu People to Press Demands at G8 Summit
By IPS Correspondents
Catherine Makino
TOKYO, Apr 28 2008 (IPS) - Japan's hosting of the G8 summit in Hokkaido in July will afford a rare opportunity for the Ainu people who live on the island to press their long-standing demand to be recognised as an indigenous people.
Officially, for the Jul 7-9 summit of rich nations, Japan’s leaders have said they would like to see global health high on the agenda as also sustainable forest development, climate change and development.
But the Ainu have other plans to roll out in Hokkaido at the Jul 1-4 Indigenous Peoples Summit, ahead of the G8 event. "If the government recognises the Ainu as indigenous people everything would change,’’ said Saki Mina, an Ainu leader, at a press conference here last week.
There are about 200,000 Ainu living throughout Japan though most are concentrated in the northern island of Hokkaido. Ainu were once thought of as the remnants of a Caucasoid group but this is yet to be proved.
Despite the passage of the United Nations Declaration Rights of the world's 370 million indigenous people, last year, the country has yet to honor its promises and implement the declaration. The Ainu are disappointed that the government continues to display insensitivity to their demands.
An open letter by Saki Toyama, an elderly Ainu woman reads thus: "I lived my life through clenched teeth, in frustration and embarrassment. People have asked me, 'Why do these people called Ainu exist?' '’. ‘’Do you have any idea of the wounds inflicted by these comments? I don't know how much longer we can keep our silence. Young Ainu, I ask that you fight and that you endure."
Much of Ainu society and culture has suffered progressively destruction as a result of assimilation policies enforced by successive Japanese governments, and many Ainu have experienced prejudice and been forced to live in poverty.
As a result of such discrimination, Ainu culture and traditions are in crisis, but not completely lost.
http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/04/rights-japan-ainu-people-to-press-demands-at-g8-summit/
Ainu culture established around 12 or 13th century
It is believed that Ainu culture was established across Hokkaido, then known as Ezo, around the 12th or 13th century. The Ainu were hunter-gatherers who had their way of life decimated by the gradual migration of Wajin, as “mainland” Japanese were known. According to a government census, the number of Ainu in Hokkaido dropped from 26,256 in 1807 to 16,272 in 1873. It’s easy to figure out why.
When the Tokugawa shogunate took control of Ezo in the mid-1850s, the government attempted to pacify the Ainu by offering them trade and protection while assimilating them into the larger Japanese culture. The Ainu were forced to change their hairstyles and clothes, were banned from wearing earrings and tattoos, and were prohibited from religious customs such as performing the ceremony to return the spirits of bears — sacred in the Ainu religion — to the world of the kamuy (gods). Many Ainu were forced to work, essentially as slaves, for Wajin, resulting in the breakup of families and the introduction of smallpox, measles, cholera and tuberculosis into their community.
In 1869, the new Meiji government renamed Ezo as Hokkaido and unilaterally incorporated it into Japan. It banned the Ainu language, took Ainu land away, and prohibited salmon fishing and deer hunting. The enactment of the ironically named Hokkaido Former Aborigine Protection Law in 1899 removed even more land and further impoverished the Ainu.
In the first decades of the 20th century, some Ainu started to take a stand against the Wajin by calling for independence. Over the next half-century, various projects to redress disparities and preserve Ainu culture improved the lives of Japan’s indigenous peoples.
Despite these gains, Ainu continued to suffer from a prevailing ignorance. In 1986, Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone infamously remarked, “Japan is a racially homogenous nation, and there is no discrimination against ethnic minorities with Japanese citizenship.” This comment infuriated and politicized many Ainu. In 1994, an activist named Shigeru Kayano became the first Ainu to win a seat in the Diet. Kayano pushed Ainu issues — even posing parliamentary questions in his native language — leading to the enactment of a law promoting aboriginal culture.
In September 2007, the UN General Assembly passed the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, prompting the government, which feared international criticism ahead of the G-8 summit in Hokkaido last July, to pass a resolution recognizing the Ainu as an indigenous people of Japan.
http://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/tokyo%E2%80%99s-thriving-ainu-community-keeps-traditional-culture-alive
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27 ส.ค. 55 21:15:17
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