ความคิดเห็นที่ 1
Angina
The pain associated with very advanced CHD is known as angina, and usually presents as a sensation of pressure in the chest, arm pain, jaw pain, and other forms of discomfort. The word discomfort is preferred over the word pain for describing the sensation of angina, because it varies considerably among individuals in character and intensity and most people do not perceive angina as painful, unless it is severe. There is evidence that angina and CHD present differently in women and men.
Angina that occurs regularly with activity, upon awakening, or at other predictable times is termed stable angina and is associated with high grade narrowings of the heart arteries. The symptoms of angina are often treated with nitrate preparations such as nitroglycerin, which come in short-acting and long-acting forms, and may be administered transdermally, sublingually or orally. Many other more effective treatments, especially of the underlying atheromatous disease, have been developed.
Angina that changes in intensity, character or frequency is termed unstable. Unstable angina may precede myocardial infarction, and requires urgent medical attention. It is treated with oxygen, intravenous nitroglycerin, and morphine. Interventional procedures such as angioplasty may be done.
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Risk Factors
The following are confirmed independent risk factors for the development of CAD, in order of decreasing importance:
Hypercholesterolemia (specifically, serum LDL concentrations)
Smoking
Hypertension (high systolic pressure seems to be most significant in this regard)
Hyperglycemia (due to diabetes mellitus or otherwise)
Hereditary differences in such diverse aspects as lipoprotein structure and that of their associated receptors, homocysteine processing/metabolism, etc.
Significant, but indirect risk factors include:
Male sex (by far the most significant of this group)
Lack of exercise
Stress
Diet rich in saturated fats
Obesity
From Wikipedia
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Mangashorn  
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