ความคิดเห็นที่ 7
Religion
The Sultan regarded the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church as the leader of the Greeks within the empire. The Patriarch was accountable to the Sultan for the Greeks' good behavior, and in exchange he was given wide powers over the Greek community. The Patriarch controlled the courts and the schools, as well as the Church, throughout the Greek communities of the empire. This made Orthodox priests the effective rulers of Greek villages. Some Greek towns, such as Athens and Rhodes, retained municipal self-government, while others were put under Ottoman governors. Some areas, such as the Mani Peninsula in the Peloponnese, and parts of Crete (Sfakia) and Epirus, remained virtually independent. When the Ottomans fought the Venetians, the Greeks mostly sided with the Venetians. The Orthodox Church assisted in the preservation of the Greek heritage.
As a rule, the Ottomans did not require the Greeks to become Muslims, although many did so in order to avert the economic hardships of Ottoman rule. Many Greeks either became neo-martyrs such as Saint Efraim the Neo-Martyr or Saint Demetrios the Neo-martyr while others became Crypto-Christians (Greek Muslims who were secret practitioners of the Greek Orthodox faith) in order to avoid heavy taxes and at the same time express their identity by maintaining their secret ties to the Greek Orthodox Church. Crypto-Christians ran the risk of being killed if they were caught practicing a non-Muslim religion once they converted to Islam. Greeks who converted to Islam and were not Crypto-Christians were deemed Turks in the eyes of Orthodox Greeks.
Christians were subject to various forms of discrimination. Sumptuary laws forced Christians and Jews to wear distinctive clothing, distinguishing them from their neighbors. Non-Muslims were not allowed to ride horses, and if they were riding a donkey or mule they had to dismount if they passed a Muslim. Churches were not allowed to ring their bells. Christians also had to pay higher taxes than Muslims.[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Greece
Byzantine Church in the Agora, Athens
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ดาบจันทร์เสี้ยว (Hermes)
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13 พ.ค. 50 18:13:38
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