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หอนี้คือซิกกูแรต (Ziggurat) เป็นเทวาลัยและหอดูดาว ของพวกสุเมเรียน บาบิโลน ที่อิรัก
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ซิกกุรัต (อังกฤษ: Ziggurat) เป็นสิ่งก่อสร้างที่มีความสำคัญทางศาสนาของชาวสุเมเรียน (Sumerians) พบในบริเวณเมโสโปเตเมีย มีลักษณะคล้ายพีระมิดแบบขั้นบันไดแต่ด้านบนเป็นพื้นราบ พื้นราบด้านบนของซิกกุรัตนี้เป็นวิหาร ในระยะแรกใช้ประกอบพิธีกรรมทางศาสนา แต่ต่อมาซิกกุรัตนี้ได้กลายเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของพระราชวังกษัตริย์ เช่น ซิกกุรัตที่เมืองอูร์ (Ur)
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ซิกกุรัต
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Etemenanki (Sumerian É.TEMEN.AN.KI "temple of the foundation of heaven and earth") was the name of a ziggurat dedicated to Marduk in the city of Babylon of the 6th century BCE Neo-Babylonian dynasty. Originally seven stories in height, little remains of it now except ruins.
The Etemenanki is described in a cuneiform tablet from Uruk from 229 BCE, a copy of an older text (now in the Louvre in Paris). It gives the height of the tower as seven stocks (91 meters) with a square base of 91 meters on each side. This mud brick structure was confirmed by excavations conducted by Robert Koldewey after 1913. Large stairs were discovered at the south side of the building, where a triple gate connected it with the Esagila. A larger gate to the east connected the Etemenanki with the sacred procession road (now reconstructed in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin).
The city of Babylon had been destroyed in 689 BCE by Sennacherib, who claims to have destroyed the Etemenanki. The city was restored by Nabopolassar and his son Nebuchadnezzar II. It took 88 years to rebuild the city; its central feature was the temple of Marduk (Esagila), with which the Etemenanki ziggurat was associated. The ziggurat was rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar II. The seven stories of the ziggurat reached a height of 91 meters, according to a tablet from Uruk (see below), and contained a temple shrine at the top.
In Nebuchadnezzar's own words:
The tower, the eternal house, which I founded and built. I have completed its magnificence with silver, gold, other metals, stone, enameled bricks, fir and pine. The first which is the house of the earth’s base, the most ancient monument of Babylon; I built and finished it.
I have highly exalted its head with bricks covered with copper. We say for the other, that is, this edifice, the house of the seven lights of the earth the most ancient monument of Borsippa. A former king built it, (they reckon 42 ages) but he did not complete its head. Since a remote time, people had abandoned it, without order expressing their words. Since that time the earthquake and the thunder had dispersed the sun-dried clay.
The bricks of the casing had been split, and the earth of the interior had been scattered in heaps. Merodach, the great god, excited my mind to repair this building. I did not change the site nor did I take away the foundation. In a fortunate month, in an auspicious day, I undertook to build porticoes around the crude brick masses, and the casing of burnt bricks. I adapted the ciruits, I put the inscription of my name in the Kitir of the portico. I set my hand to finish it. And to exalt its head. As it had been done in ancient days, so I exalted its summit.[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etemenanki
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