ความคิดเห็นที่ 2
Causes:
To someone without the yips, the problem can seem purely psychological, but researchers have found that it's more accurate to divide yips-affected golfers into two categories. Type I yips is related to the neurological disorder of dystonia, and type II yips is caused by choking, a psychological response to high anxiety in a pressure situation.
Type I (dystonia). Golfers with type I yips have a neurological disorder called focal dystonia, which causes involuntary muscle contractions during a specific task. It's most likely related to overuse of a certain set of muscles, similar to writer's cramp. Golfers adopt an abnormal posture when gripping a golf club, and repeat the same fine muscle movements for years. The repeated posture places stress on the muscle and may eventually contribute to development of the neurological disorder.
Dystonia doesn't just affect golfers. Task-specific cramps can develop in anyone who performs repeated fine muscle movements in an abnormal posture, like other athletes, dentists, musicians and stenographers.
Anxiety makes all movement disorders, such as tremors and tics, temporarily worse. Type I yips symptoms tend to increase during tournaments — especially when the golfer is in the lead — or in other situations requiring intense coordination and concentration. Type II yips, on the other hand, is actually caused by anxiety.
Type II (choking). In a pressure situation, some athletes become so anxious and self-focused — overthinking to the point of distraction — that their ability to execute a skill, like putting, is impaired. Choking is an extreme form of performance anxiety that may compromise a golfer's game, and for some, it can trigger the yips.
In an earlier study, researchers observed several differences between golfers with the yips and unaffected golfers. Those with the yips tend to have higher heart rates, a tighter grip on the putter, and increased forearm and wrist muscle activity as measured with electromyography (EMG). These changes seem to be related to the jerking, freezing and tremors experienced by golfers with the yips.
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20 พ.ค. 51 09:36:32
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