ความคิดเห็นที่ 17
 
เป็นเพราะเรารับรู้เฉพาะแนวคิดในเรื่องตรรกะของตะวันตกซึ่งได้รับอิทธิพลมาจากอาริสโตเติ้ลครับ คือใช้กฎ causalilty (four cause) ตามนี้
There are four main causes of nature according to Aristotle. These are the material cause, the formal cause, the efficient cause, and the final cause.
things can be causes of one another, reciprocally causing each other, as hard work causes fitness, and vice versa - although not in the same way or by means of the same function: the one is as the beginning of change, the other is as its goal. (Thus Aristotle first suggested a reciprocal or circular causality - as a relation of mutual dependence, action, or influence of cause and effect.) Also; Aristotle indicated that the same thing can be the cause of contrary effects - as its presence and absence may result in different outcomes. In speaking thus he formulated what currently is ordinarily termed a "causal factor," e.g., atmospheric pressure as it affects chemical or physical reactions.
Aristotle marked two modes of causation: proper (prior) causation and accidental (chance) causation. All causes, proper and incidental, can be spoken as potential or as actual, particular or generic. The same language refers to the effects of causes; so that generic effects assigned to generic causes, particular effects to particular causes, and operating causes to actual effects. It is also essential that ontological causality does not suggest the temporal relation of before and after - between the cause and the effect; that spontaneity (in nature) and chance (in the sphere of moral actions) are among the causes of effects belonging to the efficient causation, and that no incidental, spontaneous, or chance cause can be prior to a proper, real, or underlying cause per se.
All investigations of causality coming later in history will consist in imposing a favorite hierarchy on the order (priority) of causes; such as "final > efficient > material > formal" (Aquinas), or in restricting all causality to the material and efficient causes or, to the efficient causality (deterministic or chance), or just to regular sequences and correlations of natural phenomena (the natural sciences describing how things happen rather than asking why they happen)..
และถ้ามีปรากฎการณ์บางอย่างเกิดขึ้นแต่ไม่เข้ากฎนี้ก็จะมองว่า "เป็นเรื่องบังเอิญ"
แต่ตอนหลังมีแนวคิดของ Carl Gustav Jung คือ "Synchronicity" ซึ่งหยิบยืมมาจากตะวันออกนี่แหละ (จำไม่ได้ว่าจากทางจีนหรืออินเดีย) ที่มองว่า
Synchronicity is the experience of two or more events which are causally unrelated occurring together in a supposedly meaningful manner. In order to count as synchronicity, the events should be unlikely to occur together by chance.
The concept does not question, or compete with, the notion of causality. Instead, it maintains that just as events may be grouped by cause, they may also be grouped by their meaning. Since meaning is a complex mental construction, subject to conscious and subconscious influence, not every correlation in the grouping of events by meaning needs to have an explanation in terms of cause and effect.
เอาง่ายๆ คือมันเกิดขึ้นโดยมีความสัมพันธ์กันแต่มันไม่ได้เป็นเหตุเป็นผลกันตามหลักตรรกะของตะวันตกล่ะครับ
(ใครว่างช่วยแปลทีนะครับ ผมง่วง)
อ้างอิง
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_causes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality#Aristotle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronicity
แก้ไขเมื่อ 31 มี.ค. 52 23:38:58
แก้ไขเมื่อ 31 มี.ค. 52 23:35:27
แก้ไขเมื่อ 31 มี.ค. 52 23:32:40
แก้ไขเมื่อ 31 มี.ค. 52 23:29:37
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31 มี.ค. 52 23:28:17
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